Peer Reviewed Open Access

This paper is reviewed in accordance with the Peer Review Program of IRA Academico Research

Gender and Olds’ Advice in Written Signs: A Pragmatic Study

Salah Hadi Shukur, Shurooq Abboodi Ali
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v18.n3.p2
Abstract
Giving advice refers to an attempt by the speaker to express what the addressee should do in a particular situation or what is good for him/her. It is also a feature of making social relations and communications move smoothly and become stronger. The current study aims to investigate the strategies of the speech act of advice by old females and males for the younger generation in written signs. Comparison is made between old females and males regarding their pragmatic use of advice and the way they are manifested in expressing gender identity differences. The sample of the study consists of (30) written signs of advice divided equally between the two gender groups. Hinkel’s (1997) classification of the strategies for perceiving the speech act of advice is adopted to code the data of the current study. The results show that females’ advice-giving strategies are more varied than males although the two gender groups rely heavily on one basic strategy. Besides, age, as another social variable, appears to have a major role in shaping the strategy used by old people in giving advice and that gender identity is best reflected in lexical choices of emotional words, especially by females.
Keywords
Speech act of advice, written signs, gender, identity, age
Full Text:
PDF
References

Al-Shboul, Y., & Zarei, N. (2013). Gender Differences in The Appropriateness of Advice-Giving Among Iranian EFL Learners. International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, 3, 4, 88-98.

Al-Shboul, Y., Maros, M., &Yasin, M. S. M. (2012). The Appropriateness in Advice-Giving from a Cross-Cultural Perspective. Arab World English Journal, 3, 3, 106-122.

Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do Things with Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Babaie, S. and Shahrokhi, M. (2015) A Cross-Cultural Study of Offering Advice Speech Acts by Iranian EFL Learners and English Native Speakers: Pragmatic Transfer in Focus, English Language Teaching; Vol. 8, No. 6.

Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., & Kasper, G. (1989). Investigating Cross-cultural Pragmatics: An introductory overview. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House, & G. Kasper (Eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies (pp. 1-34). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Culpeper, J. (2021). Sociopragmatics: Roots and Definition. In M. Haugh, D. Kádár, & M. Terkourafi (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Sociopragmatics (Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics, pp. 15-29). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Farashaiyan, A. & Muthusamy, P. (2016). Pragmatic Variations in Giving Advice in L2 by Malaysian Postgraduate Students: The Situational Effects. English Language Teaching; Vol. 9, No. 5. ISSN 1916-4742, E-ISSN 1916-4750.

Hinkel, E. (1997). Appropriateness of advice: DCT and multiple-choice data. Applied Linguistics, 18, 1, 1-26.

Jones, L. (2016). Language and gender identities. In The Routledge handbook of language and Identity. Florence: Taylor & Francis.

Kuo, Saihua. (1996). "Gender and differences in giving advice." Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Language and Linguistics. Bangkok, Thailand.

Lips, H.M. (2001). Envisioning Positions of Leadership: The Expectations of university Students in Virginia and Puerto Rico. Journal of Social Issues, 57,799–813.

Martinez-FLor, A. 2003. Non-Native Speakers’ Production of Advice Acts: The Effects of Proficiency. Castellon: University, Jaume I.

Matsumura, S. (2001). Learning the rules for offering advice: A quantitative approach to second language socialization. Language Learning, 51(4), 635-679.

Min, Sujung. (2019). Use of Expressions of Suggestion and Advice by Korean L2 Learners of English. The Journal of Studies in Language, 35(1), 097-108.

Ochs, E. (1992). Indexing Gender. In A. Duranit & C. Goodwin (Eds.), Rethinking Context: Language as an interactive phenomenon. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.

Searle, J. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Shimanoff, B. Susan (1985). Expressing Emotions in Words: Verbal Patterns of Interaction, Journal of Communication. 35(3), 16–31.

Wardhaugh, R. (2010). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.

West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1991). Doing Gender. In J. Lorber & S. A. Farrell (Eds.), The social construction of Gender (pp. 13–37). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.


©IRA Academico Research & its authors
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. This article can be used for non-commercial purposes. Mentioning of the publication source is mandatory while referring this article in any future works.