Peer Reviewed Open Access

This paper is reviewed in accordance with the Peer Review Program of IRA Academico Research

Status of Growth-Oriented Women Entrepreneurs in Indian Unorganized Sector

Sakshi Saini
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v17.n1.p1
Abstract
Women in India are still struggling for financial independence. Females in India accounted for 48%, but their participation in the workforce is 26% (The Hindu, 2018). A significant proportion of the female labour workforce is engaged in the unorganized sector. The main reason for it is the informal sector flexibility to handle both work and household activity. In the Informal sector, enterprises are categorized as Own Account Enterprise (OAE, Enterprise do not hire any worker) and Establishments (enterprises which do hire any worker on a fairly regular basis). Many researchers referred to establishments as 'opportunity-Driven Enterprise' and 'Growth-oriented enterprise.' This paper will be focused on the status of Female-owned Established Enterprises all over the Indian states and in Manufacturing, Trade, and Other Services sector in India. This study is based on NSS 73rd round (2015-16). Most of the research on female entrepreneurs focused on their participation in Own Account Enterprises. This study is way forward to other studies because it focuses on growth-oriented enterprises than Necessity- Driven Enterprises, i.e., OAE.
Keywords
Unorganized enterprises, Establishments, growth-oriented enterprises, female proprietary
Full Text:
PDF
References

Working Papers. Vol. 1191. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, March 12, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1787/5js4rfh5gtbq-en.

Ghani, Ejaz, William R. Kerr, and Stephen D. O'Connell. Female Business Ownership and Informal Sector Persistence. Policy Research Working Papers. The World Bank, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6612.

Minniti Maria. Female Entrepreneurship and Economic Activity. The European Journal of Development Research 22, no. 3 (July 2010): 294–312. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2010.18.

Gender Issues in Entrepreneurship. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship 5, no. 7–8 (2009): 497–621. https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000021.

Schumpeter, Joseph A. The Creative Response in Economic History. Joseph A. Schumpeter, n.d., 11.

Ghani, Ejaz, William R. Kerr, and Stephen D. O'Connell. Local Industrial Structures and Female Entrepreneurship in India. Journal of Economic Geography 13, no. 6 (November 2013): 929–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbt004.

Klapper, L. F., and S. C. Parker. Gender and the Business Environment for New Firm Creation. The World Bank Research Observer 26, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 237–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkp032.

Arnaud, Determinants of Female Entrepreneurship in India. OECD Economics Department Working Papers. Vol. 1191. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, March 12, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1787/5js4rfh5gtbq-en.


©IRA Academico Research & its authors
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. This article can be used for non-commercial purposes. Mentioning of the publication source is mandatory while referring this article in any future works.